01 병치 구문

1.     병치 구문에서는 같은 품사끼리 연결되어야 한다. 즉, 명사는 명사끼리, 동사는 동사끼리, 형용사는 형용사끼리, 부사는 부사끼리 나열되어야 한다.

명사 His patience and intelligence made him a great leader.

동사 The researcher will collect and analyze the data.

형용사 The hostess at the party served hot and hearty food.

부사 The motorist in the left lane was driving recklessly and desperately.

A.    동사의 경우 수일치, 시제일치가 되어 있는지 확인해야 한다.

If she finishes the project and clean(→ cleans) up her work area, she may leave early today.

Jimmy Atkins sent out a dozen resumes and wait(→ waited) for a company to call him.

2.     병치 구문에서는 같은 구조끼리 연결되어야 한다. 즉, 동명사구는 동명사구끼리, 부정사구는 부정사구끼리, 전치사구는 전치사구끼리, 명사절은 명사절끼리 나열되어야 한다.

동명사구 filling out applications and interviewing for jobs can be tiresome.

부정사구 I need to fix the ceiling and (to) paint it.

전치사구 Decorations hanging on the wall and from the ceiling were taken down.

명사절 He wanted to tell me what he did and how he felt.

A.    to 부정사구 병치 구문에서 두 번째 나온 to는 생략할 수 있다.

02 도치 구문

1.     가정법 문장에서 if가 생략되면 도치가 일어난다.

A.     미래

Should 주어 동사원형, 주어 will 동사원형

B.      과거

Were 주어~ , 주어 would 동사원형

C.      과거완료

Had 주어 p.p. , 주어 would have p.p.

           Should you wish to visit, Mrs. Cameron will schedule a tour.

ð  ↑ (If you should wish ~)

Were it not for my wife, I would be completely disorganized.

ð  ↑ (If it were ~)

Had he started cooking earlier, we would have eaten our meal on time.

ð  ↑ (If he had started ~)

▷ 가정법의 도치는 가정법 part 참조

2.     부정어(never, neither, nor, hardly, seldom, rarely, little)가 절의 맨 앞으로 나오면 도치가 일어난다.

Never had he seen such an efficiently run business.

ð  ↑ (He had never seen ~)

Hardly had he fallen asleep when the alarm went off.

ð  ↑ (He had hardly fallen ~)

3.     [only+부사(구, 절)]이 문장 맨 앞으로 나오면 도치가 일어난다.

Only recently has Sharon begun to make her home look tidy.

ð  ↑ (Sharon has only recently begun ~)

A.     도치 구문에서 주어 뒤에 오는 동사의 형태에 주의해야 한다.

Only since the expensive vase broke has Maria was(→ been) keeping the breakables upstairs.

Only in the evenings does Charlotte takes(→ take) a walk.

Seldom did Laura used(→ use) the elevator, even when she was going to the tenth floor.

B.      as(~처럼)나 than(~보다) 뒤에서는 도치가 일어나기도 하고 일어나지 않기도 한다.

I like to see movies, as do most of my friends. (= as most of my friends do)

I spend more time working on reports than does my co-worker. (= than my co-worker does)